For many, Booker T. Washington is the epitome of an Uncle Tom—a sellout of the highest order to black people. I am sure that many blacks, at some point and time, have looked upon Booker T. with much disdain, if not outright disgust because of their perceptions of Washington’s ideologies. But perhaps perceptions—or “misperceptions”, if you will—of Washington’s train of thought should be challenged. As opposed to having so many misguided perceptions about Booker T. Washington, maybe his detractors should change their perspective.
Since first learning about Washington at the University of Georgia, I have completely changed my opinion of him. Like many, I only took a cursory glance as to many of his beliefs without taking in the whole picture. But after hours of contemplation and scrutiny of Washington’s life and work, I have decided that Washington was just as concerned with black peoples’ welfare as the great sociologist, W.E.B. Dubois (who in many ways was Washington’s nemesis). In my opinion, Booker T. deserves much appreciation for his contributions to the black community.
Booker T. Washington may have been too much of an idealist, in the sense that he really thought that the Reconstruction Era would foster a new beginning for America. Washington believed that whites would ignore skin color and hire blacks if blacks were skilled. It may also be said that Washington was shortsighted for feeling that blacks should abandon their desire for political change, as political change puts the exclamation point on any sustained socioeconomic movement. But, it is my contention that Washington was basically trying to help blacks progress in a manner that he believed was possible and realistic within the context and period that he lived. And, in retrospect, perhaps Booker T. was correct in saying, “No race can prosper till it learns that there is much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem… Nor should we permit our grievances to over-shadow our opportunities.” Washington also said that we should learn to differentiate “between the superficial and the substantial, the ornamental gewgaws of life and the useful.”
If we look at black America today, perhaps we do have problems recognizing that there is nobility in working in trades and services as opposed to more academic or “glamorous” professions. When is the last time that you saw a blue collar, working class black person featured in the mainstream media, or even Ebony or Essence magazines? When we watch Black Entertainment Television (BET), like most other decent sized networks, we are bombarded with shows about rappers, movie stars, sports players, and the like. American society’s notions of success, that at many times is a code word for materialism and greed, taint black adults and children.
We must be realistic and realize that all of our children will not play in the NBA, star in the next music video, invent a cure for diabetes, or even go to college. As hard as it is to say, many persons do not have the intellectual capacity,willingness, or perseverance to be in a profession where they must use their minds. We must be mature enough to realize that there is nobility in cleaning a home, dumping the trash, buffing the floors, etc. There is nothing wrong with being a carpenter, plumber, bricklayer, truck driver, or mechanic. These are professions that are necessary and will pay the bills. Society needs to get to the point where it truly values a floor sweeper, and should pay that person enough money to at least provide the basics for their family. America has enough resources whereby every American can be afforded a safe and clean place to stay, convenient transportation, healthy and affordable food to eat, quality healthcare, excellent education, and comfort and financial security in old age. Any full time employee should be valued enough to give them at least the minimal basics of the “American dream.”
Like Washington, whose students built the Tuskeegee Institute with their own hands, farmed their own land, and made bricks out of straw to sell to the white man, black America should embrace that same entrepreneurial spirit today. If we would learn to value all jobs and use them to build up and support our own communities—while simultaneously making ourselves viable in the global market place—then blacks would soon be an economic force not to be ignored. America would no longer take us lightly, or take us for granted. Like other cultures, we would recognize and gain an appreciation for unity under the umbrella of the almighty dollar. It would become crystal clear that ethnic groups with their own financial resources have the power to manipulate, affect, and effect change.
Look at how Mexicans have come to America and do the same manual labor that blacks used to do, but now shun. Eventually, these same Mexicans have greater political and economic influence than blacks. In much the same manner that Cubans have developed into a force to be reckoned with in Florida, Mexicans have begun to use their economic influence to break down legal obstacles to facilitate Mexicans’ transition to America. And the social obstacles will gradually follow. Don’t get me wrong. There are still many blacks that clean buildings, work in fast food, etc., but blacks refuse to stick together as a community. How many instances have you seen of several Mexican families living in one home, loading up in their one or two vehicles to go to work, to shop, or to a yard sale? These same families eventually move into their own places, and other families move in to take their place, and the cycle is started over. It’s no wonder that you see more and more Mexicans living in finer houses and driving newer model vehicles. Many pool their resources so that their greater family, and their community as a whole, will have a place to go to when they need help. When is the last time you saw a black savings-and-loan or credit union? Other groups plan for the future, make sacrifices, and lift each other up when the opportunity becomes available. To a great extent, blacks—particularly the ones with vast resources—concern themselves with “living large,” and do absolutely nothing (or relatively very little) to lift up the communities of which they were once a part.
Though “hindsight is 20:20,” if blacks had listened to Booker T. Washington by striving to master some of the trades and other commercial vocations over time, black America would probably be in a stronger socioeconomic position today. This especially rings true if we had united our drive to be skilled tradesmen with the desire for social and political change.
Now, of course, it is easy to look back in retrospect and surmise where we, as a people, would be today if we had heeded Booker T. Washington’s message. But, I believe that we would be smart to learn what we can about all professions, including vocational fields, which in and of themselves can foster economic freedom. Unlike the time that Washington lived, blacks have gained many of the political and legal rights that many blacks were martyred for. It now seems that we are unwilling to unite our minds, resources and services to uplift our own communities. We need to summon our entrepreneurial spirit and help one another to achieve economic freedom. Blacks have come to the point in history where we have the puzzle pieces to succeed. But we must put the pieces together if we are to overcome the irrational hatred and the slavery of the past, along with the backlash of Affirmative Action and the gradual assault on our Civil rights of today.
Booker T. Washington’s seemingly “accomadationist” ideology may have not been exactly “on point” for his times, but I believe that he realized that economic power, especially when used in a unified, systematic, and goal oriented manner, would be of paramount importance to black socioeconomic success. When referring to the students of Tuskeegee Institute, Washington said, “ We wanted to give them such an education as would fit a large proportion of them to be teachers, and at the same time cause them to return to the plantation districts [i.e., the black community] and show people there how to put new energy and ideas into farming, as well as into the intellectual and moral and religious life of the people.”
I could be wrong, but the aforementioned statement is not indicative of a person who wants his people to “sell out” and cower to white America. Though much of Booker T. Washington’s ideologies were not politically correct—from a black perspective, particularly for his times, the underlying basic principle of his vision for black America hinged upon economic power. And, to a great extent, lack of economic power and unity is black America’s largest problem to this very day.